{"id":10059,"date":"2024-02-19T16:00:31","date_gmt":"2024-02-19T10:30:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/btechgeeks.com\/?p=10059"},"modified":"2024-02-20T17:15:23","modified_gmt":"2024-02-20T11:45:23","slug":"cpp-stdset-example-and-tutorial-with-external-sorting-criteria-comparator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/btechgeeks.com\/cpp-stdset-example-and-tutorial-with-external-sorting-criteria-comparator\/","title":{"rendered":"C++ std::set example and tutorial with external sorting criteria | Comparator"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In the previous article, we have discussed about <a href=\"https:\/\/btechgeeks.com\/how-to-iterate-a-map-in-reverse-order-cpp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to iterate a map in reverse order \u2013 C++<\/a>. Let us learn <a href=\"https:\/\/btechgeeks.com\/cpp-set-example-and-tutorial-part-1\/\">std::set example<\/a> and tutorial in C++ Program.<\/p>\n<p>In this article we will see the process of using external sorting criteria.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#External_sorting\">External sorting<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#Comparator\">Comparator<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#Use_of_external_sorting_criteria_i.e._comparator\">Use of external sorting criteria i.e. comparator<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Before going to this topic we must first know what external sorting is and what is a comparator.<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"External_sorting\"><\/a>External sorting:<\/h3>\n<p>It is a category of sorting algorithm that can sort huge amounts of data.<\/p>\n<p>This type of sorting is applied to a data set that acquires large memory which cannot be held in main memory (RAM) and is stored in secondary memory(hard disk). we apply external sorting for a huge data set that cannot be processed in a single go. Data is divided into small chunks these chunks are sorted and then stored in data files.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"cpp\">#include &lt;iostream&gt;\r\n#include &lt;fstream&gt;\r\n#include&lt;sstream&gt;\r\n#include &lt;queue&gt;\r\n#include&lt;algorithm&gt;\r\nusing namespace std;\r\n \r\nclass Compare\r\n{\r\npublic:\r\n    \r\n    bool operator() (pair&lt;int, int&gt; pair1, pair&lt;int, int&gt; pair2)\r\n    {\r\n        return pair1.first &gt; pair2.first;\r\n    }\r\n};\r\n \r\nstring ToString(int val) {\r\n    stringstream stream;\r\n    stream &lt;&lt; val;\r\n    return stream.str();\r\n}\r\n \r\n\r\nstring mergeFiles(int counter) {\r\n \r\n    string fileA, fileB;\r\n \r\n    std::priority_queue&lt;pair&lt;int, int&gt;, std::vector&lt;pair&lt;int, int&gt; &gt;, Compare&gt; minHeap;\r\n    ifstream* handles = new ifstream[counter];\r\n \r\n    for (int i = 1; i &lt;= counter; i++) {\r\n        string sortedInputFileName = \"output\" + ToString(i) + \".txt\";\r\n        handles[i - 1].open(sortedInputFileName.c_str());\r\n        int firstValue;\r\n        handles[i - 1] &gt;&gt; firstValue; \r\n        minHeap.push(pair&lt;int, int&gt;(firstValue, i - 1));   \r\n    }\r\n \r\n    string outputFileName = \"output.txt\";\r\n    ofstream outputFile(outputFileName.c_str());\r\n \r\n    while (minHeap.size() &gt; 0) {\r\n        pair&lt;int, int&gt; minPair = minHeap.top();\r\n        minHeap.pop();\r\n        outputFile &lt;&lt; minPair.first &lt;&lt; '\\n';\r\n        int nextValue;\r\n        flush(outputFile);\r\n        if (handles[minPair.second] &gt;&gt; nextValue) {\r\n            minHeap.push(pair &lt;int, int&gt;(nextValue, minPair.second));\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n \r\n    \r\n    for (int i = 1; i &lt;= counter; i++) {\r\n        handles[i - 1].close();\r\n    }\r\n    outputFile.close();\r\n    delete[] handles;\r\n \r\n    return outputFileName;\r\n}\r\n \r\nvoid sortAndWrite(int *values, int size, int numberOfChunks) {\r\n    sort(values, values + size);\r\n    string outputFileName = \"output\" + ToString(numberOfChunks) + \".txt\";\r\n    ofstream outputFile(outputFileName.c_str()); \r\n    for (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\r\n        outputFile &lt;&lt; values[i] &lt;&lt; '\\n';\r\n    }\r\n    outputFile.close();\r\n}\r\n \r\nint main() {\r\n    \r\n    int numberOfChunks = 1;\r\n    int maxSizeofMemory = 32;\r\n    int chunkSize = maxSizeofMemory \/ sizeof(int); \r\n    int* inputValues = new int[chunkSize];\r\n    int readValue = 0;\r\n    int currentCount = 0;\r\n    bool unprocessedData = true;\r\n    ifstream inputFile(\"input.txt\");\r\n \r\n    while (inputFile &gt;&gt; readValue) {\r\n        unprocessedData = true;\r\n        inputValues[currentCount++] = readValue;\r\n        if (currentCount == chunkSize) {\r\n            sortAndWrite(inputValues, currentCount, numberOfChunks);\r\n            numberOfChunks++;\r\n            currentCount = 0;\r\n            unprocessedData = false;\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n    if (unprocessedData) {\r\n        sortAndWrite(inputValues, currentCount, numberOfChunks);\r\n    }\r\n    else {\r\n        numberOfChunks--;\r\n    }\r\n \r\n    inputFile.close();\r\n    delete[] inputValues; \r\n    if (numberOfChunks != 0) {\r\n        std::priority_queue&lt;pair&lt;int, int&gt;, std::vector&lt;pair&lt;int, int&gt; &gt;, Compare&gt; minHeap;\r\n        cout &lt;&lt; \"output is in file : \" &lt;&lt; mergeFiles(numberOfChunks);\r\n    }\r\n \r\n    return 0;\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n<pre>Output :\r\n\r\noutput is in file : output.txt<\/pre>\n<h3><a id=\"Comparator\"><\/a>Comparator:<\/h3>\n<p>These classes are used to compare the objects of user-defined classes. To develop a generic function use template and to make the function more generic we use containers so that comparisons between data can be made.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example: <\/strong>the most common example is Liner Search,<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"cpp\">#include&lt;iostream&gt;\r\n \r\nusing namespace std;\r\n \r\nint main()\r\n{\r\nint a[20],n,x,i,flag=0;\r\ncout&lt;&lt;\"How many elements?\";\r\ncin&gt;&gt;n;\r\ncout&lt;&lt;\"\\nEnter elements of the array\\n\";\r\nfor(i=0;i&lt;n;++i)\r\ncin&gt;&gt;a[i];\r\ncout&lt;&lt;\"\\nEnter element to search:\";\r\ncin&gt;&gt;x;\r\nfor(i=0;i&lt;n;++i)\r\n{\r\nif(a[i]==x)\r\n{\r\nflag=1;\r\nbreak;\r\n}\r\n}\r\nif(flag)\r\ncout&lt;&lt;\"\\nElement is found at position \"&lt;&lt;i+1;\r\nelse\r\ncout&lt;&lt;\"\\nElement not found\";\r\nreturn 0;\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n<pre>Output:\r\n\r\nHow many elements?4\r\nEnter elements of the array\r\n5 11 12 4\r\nEnter element to search:11\r\nElement is found at position 2<\/pre>\n<h3><a id=\"Use_of_external_sorting_criteria_i.e._comparator\"><\/a>Use of external sorting criteria i.e. comparator :<\/h3>\n<p>Below code is the implementation of this.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"cpp\">#include &lt;iostream&gt;\r\n\r\n#include &lt;set&gt;\r\n\r\nusing namespace std;\r\n\r\nint main()\r\n\r\n{\r\n\r\n    set&lt;int&gt; set1; \r\n\r\n    set&lt;int&gt;::iterator iterator_1;\r\n\r\n    set&lt;int&gt;::iterator iterator_2;\r\n\r\n    set1.insert(2);\r\n\r\n    set1.insert(3);\r\n\r\n    set1.insert(4);\r\n\r\n    set1.insert(5);\r\n\r\n    \r\n\r\n    set&lt;int, greater&lt;int&gt;&gt; set2(set1.begin(), set1.end()); \r\n\r\n    cout &lt;&lt; \"Elements after insertion of set 1 = \";\r\n\r\n    for (iterator_1 = set1.begin(); iterator_1 != set1.end(); ++iterator_1)\r\n\r\n        cout &lt;&lt; *iterator_1 &lt;&lt; \" \";\r\n\r\n    cout &lt;&lt; \"\\nElements after insertion of set 2 = \";\r\n\r\n    for (iterator_2 = set2.begin(); iterator_2 != set2.end(); ++iterator_2)\r\n\r\n        cout &lt;&lt; *iterator_2 &lt;&lt; \" \";\r\n}<\/pre>\n<pre>Output :\r\n\r\nElements after insertion of set 1 = 2 3 4 5 \r\nElements after insertion of set 2 = 5 4 3 2<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the previous article, we have discussed about How to iterate a map in reverse order \u2013 C++. Let us learn std::set example and tutorial in C++ Program. In this article we will see the process of using external sorting criteria. External sorting Comparator Use of external sorting criteria i.e. comparator Before going to this &#8230; <a title=\"C++ std::set example and tutorial with external sorting criteria | Comparator\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/btechgeeks.com\/cpp-stdset-example-and-tutorial-with-external-sorting-criteria-comparator\/\" aria-label=\"More on C++ std::set example and tutorial with external sorting criteria | Comparator\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":10061,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C++ std::set example and tutorial with external sorting criteria | Comparator - BTech Geeks<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/btechgeeks.com\/cpp-stdset-example-and-tutorial-with-external-sorting-criteria-comparator\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C++ std::set example and tutorial with external sorting criteria | Comparator - BTech Geeks\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the previous article, we have discussed about How to iterate a map in reverse order \u2013 C++. 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Let us learn std::set example and tutorial in C++ Program. In this article we will see the process of using external sorting criteria. External sorting Comparator Use of external sorting criteria i.e. comparator Before going to this ... 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