Program to Print Sand Glass Star Pattern
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Example-1 When row value=4 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Example-2: When row value=5 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Now, let’s see program how to print it.
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Approach:
- Enter total row and store it in an integer variable
row. - Take first outer for loop to print all rows.
- Take first inner for loop to print column values i.e., first inner for loop will print all the spaces in the column.
- Take second inner for loop to print column values i.e., second inner for loop will print all the stars in the column.
- Take second outer for loop to print all rows.
- Take first inner for loop to print column values i.e., first inner for loop will print all the spaces in the column.
- Take second inner for loop to print column values i.e., second inner for loop will print all the stars in the column.
JAVA Code:
Method-1 : Static Star Character
import java.util.*;
public class Main
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
// taking variable for loop iteration and row .
int row,r,c,d;
//creating object
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
// entering the number of row
System.out.print("Enter rows : ");
row = s.nextInt();
//first outer for loop for printing upper side
for ( r= 0; r<= row -1 ; r++)
{
//printing spaces
for ( c=0; c <r; c++)
System.out.print(" ");
// printing stars
for ( c=r; c<=row -1; c++)
System.out.print("* ");
//taking to the new line
System.out.println();
}
// second for loop for printing lowerside
for ( r= row -1; r>= 0; r--)
{
//printing spaces
for ( c=0; c< r ;c++)
System.out.print(" ");
// printing stars
for ( c=r; c<=row -1; c++)
System.out.print("* ");
//taking to the new line
System.out.println();
}
}
}
Output: Enter Row : 5 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Method-2 : User Input Character
import java.util.*;
public class Main
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
// taking variable for loop iteration and row .
int row,r,c,d;
//creating object
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
// entering the number of row
System.out.print("Enter rows : ");
row = s.nextInt();
// entering the random character
System.out.print("Enter character : ");
char sym = s.next().charAt(0);
//first outer for loop for printing upper side
for ( r= 0; r<= row -1 ; r++)
{
//printing spaces
for ( c=0; c <r; c++)
System.out.print(" ");
// printing stars
for ( c=r; c<=row -1; c++)
System.out.print(sym+" ");
//taking to the new line
System.out.println();
}
// second for loop for printing lowerside
for ( r= row -1; r>= 0; r--)
{
//printing spaces
for ( c=0; c< r ;c++)
System.out.print(" ");
// printing stars
for ( c=r; c<=row -1; c++)
System.out.print(sym+" ");
//taking to the new line
System.out.println();
}
}
}
Output: Enter Row : 5 Enter character : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explanation :
For First For loop :
Iteration-1
r=0 (passes the first for loop condition) as it will iterate up to r<=row-1 times.
First inner for loop will print the space 0 time because loop will iterate up to c<r time .
Then 2nd inner for loop will print the “* ” row-1 time , that means 5 time(c=0 to 4) .
So, star will be printed 5 time.
* * * * *
Iteration-2
r= 1 (passes the first for loop condition) as it will iterate up to r<=row-1 times.
First inner for loop will print the space 1 time because loop will iterate up to c<r time .
Then 2nd inner for loop will print the “* ” row -1 time , that means 4 time(c=1 to 4) .
So, star will be printed 4 time.
* * * *
Iteration-3
r= 2 (passes the first for loop condition) as it will iterate up to r<=row-1 times.
First inner for loop will print the space 2 time because loop will iterate up to c<r time .
Then 2nd inner for loop will print the “* ” row -1 time , that means 3 time (c=2 to 4).
So, star will be printed 3 time.
* * *
Iteration-4
r= 3 (passes the first for loop condition) as it will iterate up to r<=row-1 times.
First inner for loop will print the space 3 time because loop will iterate up to c<r time .
then 2nd inner for loop will print the “* ” row -r time , that means 2 time (c=3 to 4).
So, star will be printed 2 time.
* *
Iteration-5
r= 4 (passes the first for loop condition) as it will iterate up to r<=row-1 times.
First inner for loop will print the space 4 time because loop will iterate up to c<r time .
then 2nd inner for loop will print the “* ” row -r time , that means 1 time (c=4 to 4).
So, star will be printed 1 time.
*
Now when r=5 , first outer for loop condition will fail so no other loops will be executed.
For second outer for loop
Iteration-1
r=4(passes the first for loop condition) as it will iterate up to r>=0 times.
First inner for loop will print the space 4 time because it will iterate upto c<r time .
Then 2nd inner for loop will print the “* ” c=r to row -1 time , that means 1 time .
Star will be printed 1 time.
*
Iteration-2
r=3(passes the first for loop condition) as it will iterate up to r>=0 times.
First inner for loop will print the space 3 time because it will iterate upto c<r time .
then 2nd inner for loop will print the “* ” c=r to row -1 time , that means 2 time .
Star will be printed 1 time.
* *
Iteration-3
r=2(passes the first for loop condition) as it will iterate up to r>= 0 times.
First inner for loop will print the space 2 time because it will iterate upto c<r time .
then 2nd inner for loop will print the “* ” c=r to row -1 time , that means 3 time .
Star will be printed 3 time.
* * *
Iteration-4
r=1(passes the first for loop condition) as it will iterate up to r>=0 times.
First inner for loop will print the space 1 time because it will iterate upto c<r time .
then 2nd inner for loop will print the “* ” c=r to row -1 time , that means 4 time .
Star will be printed 4 time.
* * * *
Iteration-5
r=0(passes the first for loop condition) as it will iterate up to r>=0 times.
First inner for loop will print the space 0 time because it will iterate upto c<r time .
then 2nd inner for loop will print the “* ” c=r to row -1 time , that means 5 time .
Star will be printed 5 time.
* * * * *
Now when r=0, second for loop condition will fail so no other loops will be executed.
And the pattern will be like below.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
C Code:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int r, row, c ,d;
printf("Enter rows: ");
scanf("%d", &row);
for ( r= 0; r<= row -1 ; r++)
{
for ( c=0; c <r; c++)
printf(" ");
for ( c=r; c<=row -1; c++)
printf("* ");
printf("\n");
}
// second for loop for printing lowerside
for ( r= row -1; r>= 0; r--)
{
for ( c=0; c< r ;c++)
printf(" ");
for ( c=r; c<=row -1; c++)
printf("* ");
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
Output: Enter rows : 5 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
C++ Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int row, r , c ,d ;
cout << "Enter rows: ";
cin >> row;
for ( r= 0; r<= row -1 ; r++)
{
for ( c=0; c <r; c++)
cout << " " ;
for ( c=r; c<=row -1; c++)
cout << "* " ;
cout << "\n" ;
}
// second for loop for printing lowerside
for ( r= row -1; r>= 0; r--)
{
for ( c=0; c< r ;c++)
cout << " " ;
for ( c=r; c<=row -1; c++)
cout << "* " ;
cout << "\n" ;
}
return 0;
}
Output: Enter rows : 5 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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